技術標準

成都(dou)蓄電(dian)池(chi)叉車(che)起升電(dian)動機存(cun)在的問(wen)題及(ji)改進措施

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池叉(cha)車(che)行走、起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)的動(dong)(dong)力源是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機質量的優劣(lie)直接(jie)影響叉(cha)車(che)整車(che)質量。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機選用不當，成都(dou)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池叉(cha)車(che)可能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)作業噪聲大、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)出(chu)額定值(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機被燒毀等故(gu)障。本文(wen)分析研究某型0.8t蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池叉(cha)車(che)起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機存在(zai)的問題，并提出(chu)改進措施。

1、起升電(dian)動機本(ben)身(shen)缺陷

某型0.8t叉(cha)車(che)受內部空間限(xian)制(zhi)，成都蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)叉(cha)車(che)其起(qi)升電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)選用(yong)永磁電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)。永磁電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)用(yong)于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)叉(cha)車(che)起(qi)升存在(zai)下列(lie)不足：

一(yi)是永磁電(dian)動(dong)機與直流復勵、串勵電(dian)動(dong)機(蓄電(dian)池叉車液壓泵電(dian)動(dong)機通常采用(yong)此類電(dian)動(dong)機)相比(bi)較(jiao)，其負載增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)時，所需電(dian)流不(bu)能相應增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，即(ji)過載能力較(jiao)差。

二是(shi)永磁電(dian)動機(ji)在高溫(機(ji)體溫度超過85℃)條件下，成(cheng)都蓄電(dian)池(chi)叉(cha)車退(tui)磁現(xian)象(xiang)較(jiao)為(wei)嚴重，退(tui)磁后輸出功率明顯減小。

三是低電壓(48V以下)永磁電動機(ji)在(zai)功率大于1kW時，其制造難(nan)度較大，質量難(nan)以保證，可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)較差。

 2、起(qi)升(sheng)液壓(ya)系統(tong)對起(qi)升(sheng)電動機影響大

該型0.8t叉車起(qi)升液(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)統由(you)起(qi)升液(ye)壓(ya)泵、起(qi)升缸、多路閥等組成(cheng)。液(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)統作(zuo)為起(qi)升電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)負載(zai)，其下列因素影響(xiang)起(qi)升電(dian)動機(ji)運行的(de)可靠性(xing)：

一是起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)泵排量(liang)。在系(xi)統壓(ya)(ya)力確定的情況(kuang)，成都蓄電池叉車起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)泵排量(liang)越大(da)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)速度(du)就越快，對起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電動機(ji)的功率(lv)需求(qiu)也越大(da)。因此，在液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統壓(ya)(ya)力和起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電動機(ji)功率(lv)都確定后，如果(guo)選(xuan)擇排量(liang)較大(da)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)泵，起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電動機(ji)將會處于過載狀態。

二是多路(lu)閥(fa)起比(bi)特性。若多路(lu)閥(fa)起比(bi)特性(多路(lu)閥(fa)與起升液壓系(xi)統其它原件的(de)配合(he))不良，將造成液壓系(xi)統壓力損失較(jiao)大，導致起升電(dian)動機(ji)過載。

小噸位(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)池叉車應用的(de)多(duo)路閥(fa)起比特性不良，已成為(wei)整個(ge)行業的(de)難題，目前(qian)，各多(duo)路閥(fa)廠(chang)家在這方面尚未(wei)找(zhao)到好(hao)的(de)解決辦法。因此，我們主要從以下2個(ge)方面來提(ti)高0.8t蓄(xu)電(dian)池叉車起升電(dian)動(dong)機壽命：一是起升電(dian)動(dong)機選用與原永(yong)磁電(dian)動(dong)機同功率的(de)低(di)轉速、大扭矩直流串勵電(dian)動(dong)機;二是減少(shao)起升液壓泵排(pai)量。